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Photons on a chip set new paths for secure communications

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RMIT research hasphoton  helped crack the  code to ultra-secure  telecommunications of the  future in an international  research project that could  also expedite the advent of  quantum computing.  A team co-led by RMIT  MicroNano Research Facility  Director Professor David  Moss has added a new  twist to create photon pairs  that fit on a tiny computer  chip.  The breakthrough, published  in Nature Communications,  heralds the nextgeneration  of integrated  quantum optical technology,  being compatible with  current technology and secure  communications.  The team pioneered a new  approach based on a microring  resonator – a tiny optical  cavity – in which energy  conservation constraints  can be exploited to suppress  classical effects while amplifying quantum  processes.  They used laser beams at different  wavelengths and then had to overcome  the risk of the two pump beams being  able to destroy the photons’ fragile  quantum state.  “One of the properties of light exploited  within quantum optics is ‘photon  polarization’, which is essentially the  direction in which the electric field associated  with the photon oscillates,”  Moss said.  “Processes used to generate single photons  or photon pairs on a chip allow the  generation of photons with the same polarization  as the laser beam, forcing us  to find a way to directly mix, or crosspolarize,  the photons via a nonlinear optical  process on a chip for the first time.”  Moss worked with Professor  Roberto Morandotti at  the INRS-EMT in Canada  and researchers from the  University of Sussex and  Herriot Watt University,  City University of Hong  Kong, and the Xi’an Institute  in Chin, on the research.  “While a similar suppression  of classical effects has  been observed in gas vapours  and complex microstructured  fibres, this is the  first time it has been reported  on a chip, opening a route for  building scalable integrated  devices that exploit the mixing  of polarization on a single photon  level,” he said.  “It also has the advantage that  the fabrication process of the  chip is compatible with that  currently used for electronic  chips which not only allows the  exploitation of the huge global  infrastructure of CMOS foundries,  but will ultimately offer the  potential to integrate electronic devices  on the same chip.  “Both of these are fundamental requirements  for the ultimate widespread  adoption of optical quantum technologies.”

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